Electrochemical and photochemical approaches for the synthesis of the C28–C38 fragment of okadaic acid

Okadaic acid, a potent and selective inhibitor of Protein Phosphatases 1 and 2A (PP1 and PP2A), is widely used as a probe for various biochemical processes. We describe herein two innovative methods for the synthesis of the terminal C28–C38 fragment of the natural polyether. Suárez photochemical oxidative cyclization and electrochemical oxidation of malonates to their ketals equivalents have been successfully applied for the assembly of the key spiroketal core.     

[2.2.2.2](2,7)‐1‐Bromonaphthalenophane from a Desymmetrized Building Block Bearing Electrophilic and Masked Nucleophilic Functionalities

In search of 2,7‐ethylene‐bridged naphthalenophanes with desymmetrized naphthalene cores as inherently chiral cyclophanes, nucleophilic substitution of 1‐bromo‐7‐(bromomethyl)‐2‐[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]naphthalene, a desymmetrized building block bearing an electrophilic group (CH₂Br) and a masked nucleophilic functionality (CH₂TMS) which can be activated by fluoride anion, was examined. As a result, in contrast to the case of parent naphthalenophanes wherein the smallest [2.2]naphthalenophane was obtained as the major product, only [2.2.2.2](2,7)‐1‐bromonaphthalenophane was obtained albeit in low yields, whereas the corresponding [2.2]‐ or [2.2.2]naphthalenophanes were not obtained. Though the [2.2.2.2]‐1‐bromonaphthalenophane can adopt four idealized geometries of different symmetry, among which three are inherently chiral, theoretical calculations predict that three conformers have almost equal energy and may equilibrate in solution. The X‐ray crystallographic study shows that it adopts a C₂ conformation with anti,anti,anti orientation of the C?Br bonds at least as a major component in crystal.     

Ring-expansion approaches for the total synthesis of salimabromide

We describe the evolution of a synthetic strategy for the construction of the marine polyketide salimabromide. Combining a bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one ring-expansion to build up a functionalized naphthalene and an unprecedented rearrangement/cyclization cascade, enabled synthesis of a dearomatized tricyclic subunit of the target compound. Alternatively, an intramolecular keteniminium [2 + 2]-cycloaddition and subsequent Baeyer–Villiger ring-expansion gave access to the sterically encumbered architecture of salimabromide. Sequential oxidation of the carbon framework finally enabled the total synthesis of this unusual natural product.     

Convergent synthesis of diptoindonesin G

A convergent and scalable synthetic route to a tetracyclic oligostilbenoid natural product, diptoindonesin G, is described where Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and intramolecular Friedel-Crafts acylation were employed to construct the central C ring of diptoindonesin G. Two fragments for cross-coupling reaction were readily synthesized with similar efficiency.     

Total synthesis of kehokorins A and B

The total synthesis of a dibenzofuran rhamnoside, kehokorin A, and its aglycone, kehokorin B, was achieved via a route including Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling followed by Ullmann ether synthesis to form a dibenzofuran, stepwise bromination at C7 of the dibenzofuran, a second Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling to install a 4-methoxyphenyl group at C7, and rhamnosylation.     

Cascade reaction of 2,3-naphthalenediol with benzene in the presence of aluminum halides

2,3-Naphthalenediol on superelectrophilic activation with aluminium halides smoothly reacts with benzene to give 4-((3-phenyl-1H-inden-1-yl)methyl)benzene-1,2-diol, which in turn undergoes intramolecular cyclization to form 5,10-methano-5-phenyldibenzo[a,d]cycloheptane-2,3-diol. The mechanistic aspects of these unusual transformations are discussed.     

First enantioselective synthesis of salinipostin A,a marine cyclic enol-phosphotriester isolated from Salinispora sp

Salinipostins are cyclic enol-phosphotriesters isolated from a marine-derived Salinispora sp. as antimalarial compounds. Herein, the first enantioselective synthesis of salinipostin A was achieved. Organocatalyst-mediated asymmetric cyclopropanation and regioselective cyclopropane ring opening were the key steps.     

First total synthesis of (±)-floribundane B: An approach based on Johnson-Claisen rearrangement of a Morita-Baylis-Hillman adduct

The first total synthesis of (±)-floribundane B is reported. Johnson-Claisen rearrangement of a Morita-Baylis-Hillman adduct assembled all of the stereochemical features of this secoiridoid. The formal synthesis of (±)-oleocanthal and the synthesis of a chemical constituent of olive press juice is also reported.     

A kinetics study of ligand substitution reaction on dinuclear platinum complexes: Stochastic versus deterministic approach

The kinetics on a basic ligand substitution reaction on dinuclear platinum complexes [Pt(PEt₃)₂PhPt(PEt₃)₂]²⁺ and [Pt(PEt₃)₂PhCOPhPt(PEt₃)₂]²⁺ , with the ligands pyridine and 3-chloropyridine, is studied. This is a fundamental step in a self-assembly, and the time evolution has been observed with a new experimental technique, QASAP (quantitative analysis of self-assembly process), which is recently developed by Hiraoka's group. As a result of numerical calculations based on master equation, we succeed in specifying the reaction rate constants with a simple reaction model. In addition, the time evolutions of all the intermediate components produced and consumed in chemical reaction are revealed, including those unobserved in the experiments. The convergence behavior of the existence ratios of specific chemical species calculated with the stochastic algorithm method is compared with those obtained from deterministic formalism based on rate equations, revealing a clear dependence on the number of constituent molecules. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

凹凸棒石负载Cu-Fe-Co基催化剂组合体系用于CO加氢制备低碳醇

采用浸渍法(IM)和浸渍燃烧法(IMSC)制备了凹凸棒石(ATP)及凹凸棒石-多孔硅胶微球混合物(ATPS)负载CuFe-Co基改性费托催化剂,通过N_2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、H_2-程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)和CO_2-程序升温脱附(CO_2-TPD)等手段对催化剂进行了表征,并将它们应用于CO加氢制备低碳醇反应。结果表明,IMSC较IM制备催化剂更有利于CuO的负载、分散和还原,促进H_2和CO与Cu活性位的接触,但两者的最佳低碳醇合成温度均为280℃。通过对ATP和ATPS负载Cu-Fe-Co基催化剂(CFCK/ATP、CFCK/ATPS)与Cu/ZnO/Al_2O_3(CZA)甲醇催化剂的组合体系的优化,获得较理想的低碳醇合成催化剂组合体系CZA║CFCK/ATPS-IMSC。利用它们之间的"产物转化耦合效应",实现CO转化率为46.3%,低碳醇选择性为39.6%,C_(2+)醇含量为22.7%。